Medical Marijuana in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Introduction:
As a psychiatrist deeply invested in holistic and integrative approaches to mental health, I've observed some promising outcomes with medical marijuana (MJ) in treating Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This systematic review, titled "Cannabis and cannabinoid use in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review", corroborates those anecdotal experiences, highlighting the potential of cannabis and cannabinoids to alleviate ASD symptoms. However, it's crucial to recognize that the effects of medical MJ can vary significantly from one individual to another, mirroring the diversity seen in patients without autism. Moreover, despite its therapeutic potential, medical marijuana is not without risks, underscoring the need for careful consideration and management in its use.
The Potential of Cannabis in ASD Treatment:
The review delves into the clinical effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on Autism treatment in Pennsylvania, revealing that certain cannabis products have reduced the number and intensity of various symptoms. These include hyperactivity, self-mutilation, anger, sleep issues, anxiety, and depression. Improvements were also noted in cognition, sensory sensitivity, attention, social interaction, and language. This suggests that cannabis and cannabinoids might offer a therapeutic alternative for symptom relief in ASD.
Safety and Tolerability:
Despite the promising effects, the review emphasizes the importance of safety and tolerability. The most common adverse effects reported were sleep disorders, restlessness, nervousness, and changes in appetite. These side effects were generally mild to moderate and transient, but they highlight the need for careful monitoring and dosage control when considering cannabis as a treatment option.
The Need for Further Research:
The review concludes that while cannabis and cannabinoids may have beneficial effects in treating symptoms related to ASD, there is a pressing need for randomized, blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Such studies are essential to clarify the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of these substances in individuals with ASD.
Implications for Integrative Psychiatry Practice:
This research provides valuable insights that allow practitioners like Dr. Danish and his team to make educated and balanced decisions regarding the use of medical MJ in treating ASD. It underscores the potential benefits while also reminding us of the importance of individualized care and the need for further scientific investigation to optimize treatment outcomes.
Advice for Interested Families:
As you consider medical marijuana (MJ) for a family member with Autism, here are some simplified guidelines to help you navigate this treatment option:
Start with MJ varieties that are rich in CBD and belong to the Indica category, as they tend to be less stimulating and more calming.
Initially, it's best to avoid all-Sativa strains since they can have more energizing effects compared to Indica.
If you're looking for stronger calming effects, you can slowly increase the amount of Indica relative to CBD in the mix.
When using MJ in the morning, choose a strain with a higher concentration of CBD to prevent feeling too drowsy or “high” during the day.
Hybrid strains are a mix of Indica and Sativa and can be tailored to address specific needs and provide targeted relief.
Keep an eye on new developments in MJ strains that are beneficial for Autism to stay informed about the best options.
A particular blend that has worked well for some young adults with ASD and agitation is the Extra Strength Indica tincture from gLeaf, which contains a blend of cannabinoids including THC and CBD: It has 1123.2 mg THC, 14.4 mg THC-V, 5.76 mg CBD, 31.6 mg CBG, and 8.5 mg CBC.
Understanding the components of Marijuana:
Cannabinoids like THC and CBD are compounds found in MJ.
THC is responsible for the psychoactive "high," while, CBD offers therapeutic benefits without the intoxicating effects.
Terpenes are what give MJ its distinct aroma and can also influence its effects.
Flavonoids are pigments that give MJ its color and have anti-inflammatory properties.
Some Risks:
It's important to note that while CBD is often seen as protective for the brain, too much THC over a long period might be harmful. In rare cases, THC could trigger psychotic disorders in those who are genetically vulnerable. Also, long-term THC use might lead to a decrease in motivation, which typically improves after reducing or stopping THC use.
In some instances, MJ might worsen symptoms like nausea or reflux. Heavy use of MJ can sometimes lead to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), which is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
The link between MJ use and cancer is still unclear. Some studies suggest a possible association with certain types of cancer, while others do not find a significant connection. The risk may be affected by how MJ is consumed, how often and how long it's used, and the age at which use begins.
Helpful Links:
This blog explores the various risks associated with marijuana use, specifically segmented by different age groups.
Here is a great website for families of patients with autism to learn more about medical MJ strains that may be helpful.
For further reading on the medical uses of MJ, you can check out this comprehensive book: Medical Cannabis: The Beginner's Handbook.
Caregivers seeking information on the Pennsylvania Medical Marijuana Program can find comprehensive details and resources at the designated state website. This platform provides essential guidance on registration, program regulations, and the process of obtaining medical marijuana for those under their care who qualify for the program.
