Non-Stimulant Treatment Options for ADHD: A Patient Guide

Introduction:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While stimulant medications are considered first-line, non-stimulant treatments offer valuable alternatives for those who may experience side effects or seek different options. Dr. Danish’s blog explores various non-stimulant medications and alternative treatments for ADHD, so patients can have a better understanding of their treatment options.

• Qelbree (Viloxazine):
  Qelbree is a newer non-stimulant medication approved for treating ADHD in children and adults. It works by modulating norepinephrine levels in the brain, which helps reduce ADHD symptoms. For further details on Qelbree, please refer to this blog.

• Strattera (Atomoxetine):
  Strattera, the first non-stimulant approved for ADHD, selectively inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine. It is effective for both children and adults, with dosing based on weight initially and potentially reaching up to 100 mg per day. Please visit this blog to learn more about Strattera. 

• Intuniv (Guanfacine) and Clonidine:
  Both Intuniv and Clonidine are originally developed for high blood pressure but are effective in treating ADHD symptoms, particularly in reducing hyperactivity and improving attention. For further details on Intuniv/Guanfacine or Clonidine, please refer to their respective blogs.

• Wellbutrin (Bupropion):
  Wellbutrin is an antidepressant that also helps to manage ADHD symptoms. It affects dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving focus and mood.  For further details on Wellbutrin, please refer to this blog.

• Armodafinil:
  Armodafinil is used off-label for ADHD and works by enhancing dopamine signaling in the brain. It is particularly useful in managing fatigue and enhancing alertness, and it is FDA approved for narcolepsy. For further details on Armodafinil, please refer to this blog.

• Amantadine:
  Amantadine, an indirect dopamine agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist, has been studied off-label for its potential benefits in treating ADHD symptoms, showing modest efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. While not FDA-approved for ADHD, it has been compared to methylphenidate in studies, with some evidence suggesting it could be a viable alternative with fewer side effects. For further details on Amantadine, please refer to this blog.

• Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs):
  TCAs such as Amitriptyline, Norpramin (desipramine), Pamelor (nortriptyline), and Tofranil (imipramine). These are sometimes used off-label for ADHD, particularly if there are also symptoms of depression or anxiety. For further details on TCAs, please refer to this blog.

Supplements:

1. Saffron: Emerging research suggests that saffron may be beneficial for treating ADHD due to its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. For further details on Saffron, please refer to this blog.

2. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Some studies suggest that omega-3 supplements may help improve ADHD symptoms due to their role in brain function. For further details on which Omega 3’s are best, please refer to this blog.

3. Zinc: This mineral has been studied for its potential to improve ADHD symptoms, particularly in regions where zinc deficiency is common.

4. Iron: Low iron levels have been linked to worsened ADHD symptoms. Supplementation might be beneficial in individuals with documented deficiency. For further details on the importance of checking iron, please refer to this blog.

5. Magnesium: Similar to zinc and iron, magnesium is another mineral that has been studied for its potential effects on improving ADHD symptoms. For further details on which type of magnesium is best, please refer to this blog.

This exploration of non-stimulant treatments for ADHD underscores the importance of our commitment to personalized and holistic care in psychiatric practice. Managing medications involves carefully balancing the potential risks and benefits, and frequently, it is necessary to explore options beyond the initial treatment choices.